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What are personalized medicines?
Nowadays a lot is being talked about personalized medicines. What are these? These are the medicines that are prescribed and administered according to the molecular and genetic profile of an individual in precise dose, time and combination. Such form of therapy improve the efficacy of the treatment as well as reduce the incidences of side effects of the administered medicines. These are also known as“Precision medicines”. In personalized therapy, entire genome of an individual is analyzed and the most suitable and effective therapy for the patient is designed. The basis of such treatment is based on the different genetic markers present in different individuals that affect incidence, progression and response to the therapy.
New medicines based on detailed molecular knowledge of disease mechanisms play an increasingly critical role in helping health care professionals provide the right medicine, to the right patient, at the right dose, at the right time. Advances in personalized medicine will create a more unified treatment approach specific to the individual and their genome.
Personalized medicine may provide better diagnoses with earlier intervention and more efficient drug development and therapies. Researchers are discovering genes via genetic studies which contribute to specific traits and define underlying mutational landscapes causing various diseases. Advances in molecular biologics and genetics has also developed ‘Companion Diagnostics’ ,where proteins, genes and specific mutations are assayed in a patient creating specialized individual treatments.
Fig: Companion Diagnostic test and personalized medicine (ref- bio Mérieux website)
Companion diagnostics provides essential information for determining whether a patient is eligible to receive the associated therapy. These tests investigates the role of acquired and inherited genetic differences in relation to drug response and drug behavior through a systematic examination of Genes, Gene products, Inter- and intra-individual variation in gene expression and function. The wider use of pharmaco-genetic testing is viewed by many as an outstanding opportunity to improve prescribing safety and efficacy.
The personalized medicine categorizes individuals as per susceptibility to a particular dis-ease, their response to a specific treatment, or the nature or origin of their disease. For example,treatment of breast cancer in women using Herceptin (Trastuzumab), where HER2 protein is over-expressed and treatment of CML (Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia) using Tyro-sine kinase inhibitor (Imatinib) when BCR-ABL fusion gene is over-expressed. Mainly, biologicals (proteins and peptides based therapeutics)or biosimilars are used to treat many life threatening diseases through personalization of therapy.
There are several methods used for 3 D printing of dosage forms like Material extrusion or nozzle-based deposition system, fused deposition modeling, Sterolithography, Selective laser sintering (SLS), Powder based 3D printing, Inkjet printing etc. Despite of certain challenges like material selection, formulation design, machine engineering, process and control 3D printing technology can bring personalisation of medicine to reality.
Personalized medicine and 3D Printing
In order to provide patients with treatments according to their pathophysiology, information obtained from companion diagnostics is coupled with the information obtained about their diet, environment, lifestyle and epigenetic. Based on this information medication is designed for the individual.
To deliver such medicine 3D printing of medicines is a very useful approach.Researchers are working on the development of 3D printing technique for the printing of personalized medicines into formulations (like pills, tablets or films etc.) containing accurate dose of the drug/s as per patient’s requirement.Customized drug combinations in a single dosage form containing modified release characteristics can also be printed with this technique.
Dr. Vaishali Kilor
ZIM Labs is an innovative drug delivery solution provider focusing on improving patient convenience and adherence to drug intake. We offer a range of technology-based drug delivery solutions and non-infringing proprietary manufacturing processes for the production and supply of innovative and differentiated generic pharmaceutical products to our customers globally. AtZIM Labs we provide our customers a comprehensive range of value-added solid dosage differentiated generic products in semi-finished and finished categories/formulations. These include granules, pellets (immediate, sustained,modified and extended-release), taste-masked powders, suspensions, tablets,capsules, and recently developed Oral Thin Films (OTF).
